Ocular Oncology

The sub-discipline that deals with all kinds of diagnosis and treatment of eye tumors is called “Ocular oncology”. 

Types of eye tumors include:

• Eyelid tumors

Approximately ¾ of the tumors seen in and around the eyelid are benign tumors. When there is a non-healing wound on the eyelid, it is necessary to be examined by the ophthalmologist to determine whether it is a malignant tumor. Surgical treatment should be applied.

• Tear system tumors

Lacrimal gland tumors are more common than excretory system tumors. It is more common in adults. Although the treatment varies according to the type of tumor, surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the methods applied in the treatment.

• Intraocular tumors (Melanoma)

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. It is not life-threatening as long as it stays in the eye. Large tumors require surgical treatment and removal of the eye (enucleation). In smaller tumors, radiation therapy (radiotherapy), plaque radiotherapy (brachytherapy), transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) can be applied.

• Intraocular tumors (Retinoblastoma)

Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood intraocular tumor. Surgery, radiation therapy (radiotherapy), laser applications are the techniques used today.

• Capillary hemangioma

They are benign lesions consisting of a ball of capillaries, especially on the eyelids, around and behind the eyes, occurring congenitally or in the first months after birth. Lesions that affect vision require treatment.

• Cavernous hemangioma

It is the most common benign orbital tumor in adults. It must be surgically removed.

• Lymphangioma

Although it is a benign vascular lesion, it is a difficult condition to be treated completely because it spreads between the tissues in the orbit and grows gradually. Treatment varies according to the case.

• Lymphoma

It is one of the most common tumors of the orbit and its incidence is increasing gradually. In treatment, radiation therapy (radiotherapy) and chemotherapy are applied depending on the situation.

• Meningioma

It is a benign neurogenic tumor of the orbit. Treatment varies according to the case.

• Optic glioma

It is a tumor of the optic nerve and visual pathways. Treatment can be done with radiotherapy or surgery, depending on the condition of the eye.

• Rhabdomyosarcoma

It is the most common malignant orbital tumor in children. Surgical treatment, radiation therapy (radiotherapy), and medical therapy (chemotherapy) are applied together.

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